Virginias SOL Testing. :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The abbreviation SOL stands for, Standards of Learning. The Standards of Learning is a test that was devised in the spring of 1998 to provide information on the progress of students toward meeting achievement levels. To me as a citizen of Virginia, and as a student, I think this test is a burden on most students in all grade levels, and should be eliminated. Because first, the number of tests being administered to student each year is outrageous, second, the penalties a student has to face for failing are too harsh, and third, it puts the school in jeopardy of losing its accreditation which is a no win situation. Virginia’s Standards of Learning has come under much criticism over the past couple of years, and I for one think it deserves to be criticized. Each year student in every school district across America have to take two or more test such as, the (LPT) Literacy Passport Test, the Stanford-9 exam or the (SOL) Standards of Learning, depending on the grade level. In two out of these three tests, students are required to pass in order to graduate, and judging by last years test scores, most students future would be endangered if they are unable to bring there score up. This has led to the question, â€Å"are we testing our students too much†? This question was bought up at a General Assembly meeting in March of 2000, the Virginia Board of Education responded by saying they would move the Stanford-9 exam from the spring to the fall, so it would not interfere with the spring SOL tests. But this still is not enough for me, because all of these tests are designed to do one thing, and that is to evaluate a student’s comprehensive knowledge of a certain subject. So what I don’t get is, why do a student have to take two or more test a year just to evaluate his understanding of a certain subject.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Since this test has been devised, the number one question everybody is asking is, â€Å" isn’t it unfair to base a student’s entire future on one test, when he or she simply could have had a bad day when taking the test†? The president Kirk T. Schroder of the Virginia Board of Education, answer this question by saying, â€Å"First of all, these tests are untimed, so no student is under arbitrary time pressure in taking the test.

Admissions letter for Forensic Nursing Program masters level

Interest and influence are two main reason why I want to pursue a Forensic course. Influenced by people who are dear to me serves as my motivation in order to succeed in this field of Nursing. Personal experiences gave me learnings and responsibilities that molded me to be what I am now.My endeavors in life that I wished to happen at the right time comes with great purpose. This is for me to finish my masters degree in a Forensic Nursing program offered by Duquesne University Pittsburgh,   PA. I can say that my previous experiences in life has great impact once I mixed it with a Masteral Degree.My optimism helps me accept problems as challenges that are vital for me as an individual. I can say that I am a good student and willing to risk myself in every task assigned by my mentors. I have so many dreams and aspirations in life and I am looking forward to a brighter career in the field of Forensic Nursing.Looking back, I see my personal and academic experiences as stages of growth t hat have helped me to understand my own potential and the road that I wish to take in life. While vast opportunities are before me, I feel that my true calling lies in the fascinating and challenging world of Forensic Science and Nursing.I wish to study more about this field because I believe that choosing to undergo a program for my masters at Duquesne University aid me   to make my dream a reality and become a successful forensic scientist someday.In addition to these, I was able to convey passion for this field since my childhood. That I have been interested in forensics since I was a child. I would often watch forensic files and unsolved mysteries. As well as the HBO series with the coroner Dr. Michael Boden and how unsolved crimes were solved by means of forensic examination and investigation. I am currently a single mother of three beautiful children.They serve as my inspirations in life and my motivation to surpass all trials. I have worked as a full-time nurse and I was al so inducted into the gamma beta phi honor society back in 2002, the sigma theta tha honor nursing society back in 2005 and the alpha sigma labda honor society back in 2005. Being an exemplary student I won the freshman of the year award in 2002 and became the Recipient of

Tools For Success At Nova Southeastern University Essay

Tools for success is a series of workshops that provide students a guide for success in their pursuits. The workshops consist of a variety of helpful tips meant to enhance students learning and push students for their success at nova southeastern university. The workshops were held on various Tuesdays at from 12:10 to 12:50 at the knight auditorium at the Carl DeSantis building. The workshops were set up by the office of undergraduate student success, which offers one on one coaching in areas including study strategies and time management. I attended three out of the nine tools for success. Each of them offered different techniques for students to be successful in that specific area. The first tools for success workshop I attended was â€Å"tips for avoiding plagiarism, which was held on the Tuesday of October 4th. The session was hosted by Eric D. Mason and Kevin Dvorak. The session covered a series of topics, including the definition of plagiarism, how to avoid it, and ways to seek on-campus help. At nova southeastern university, plagiarism is a big deal and this session went over ways to avoid it. On campus help was advocated throughout the workshop. One of the on campus help students can refer to are the writing fellows. The fellows guide students through a series of services. This workshop focused on how the fellows can help students when it comes to correct citations. The writing fellows were trained to be expertise when it comes to plagiarism and the offer a lot ofShow MoreRelatedHbs Dell Case Study Analysis Essay747 Words   |  3 PagesDell Computer Case Study Nova Southeastern University Dell’s Success Michael Dell at the age of 19 founded Dell in 1984, a company best known for selling affordable personal computers and laptops. As a pre-med freshman at the University of Texas at Austin, Michael starts  a new computer business under the name of PCs Limited. His vision carried over to Dell with the idea of customer experience as a differentiator with risk-free returns and next-day, at-home product assistance. Dell a very successfulRead MoreLady Gaga case study11446 Words   |  46 Pagesor go to www.hbsp.harvard.edu/educators. This publication may not be digitized, photocopied, or otherwise reproduced, posted, or transmitted, without the permission of Harvard Business School. Downloaded by Andon Donev on 4/09/2014. Nova Southeastern University, Bay O Leary, Spring 2014 512-016 Lady Gaga (A) The Music Business In 2009, the music industry primarily relied on income from two activities: first, selling recorded music in the form of individual songs or albums and, secondRead MoreWhat Does Cognitive Dissonance Affect Your Attitude?1726 Words   |  7 PagesWeek 5 Midterm Assignment Monique Paramore EDL 710 Educational Leadership Nova Southeastern University February 08, 2015 NOVA SOUTHEASTERN UNIVERSITY EDUCATIONAL LEADERSHIP MIDTERM EXAM 1. What is cognitive dissonance? Give some examples of situations that might create dissonance in an individual. What does cognitive dissonance have to do with blocked need satisfaction? (3 points) According to Darity (2008), the theory of cognitive dissonance refers to an individual’s conflictingRead MoreMarket Based Management1727 Words   |  7 PagesNova Southeastern University H. Wayne Huizenga School of Business and Entrepreneurship MGT 5012- Twenty First Century Management Practices Assignment for Course: MGT 5012 Twenty First Century Management Practices Submitted to: Submitted by: Date of Submission: Title of Assignment: January 27, 2013 Market Based Management CERTIFICATION OF AUTHORSHIP: I certify that I am the author of this paper and that any assistance I received inRead MoreClassical Management Theories in Contemporary Management7639 Words   |  31 PagesJournal of Management and Marketing Research Infusing value: application of historical management concepts at a modern organization Andrew H. Clem Nova Southeastern University Bahaudin G. Mujtaba Nova Southeastern University Abstract History and the relative global marketplace have always proven to large organizations that there will continue to be wavering economic waters to navigate as well as deal with constant changes in the business environment. Today’s economy is no different, and managementRead MoreHuman Resource Managemant/Mcdonalds Corporation1959 Words   |  8 Pagesturnover and improve its HR management? According to the article, McDonald’s turnovers have decreased from 170% to 130-135%. They have developed hiring tools that reduce subjectivity in the selection process and weed out poor prospects with a questionnaire that the applicant fills out that correlates well between high scores and future success. They estimate that they receive over 1 million applications a year. According to the textbook Human Resource Management by Anthony, Kacmar, and PerreweRead MoreNrtflix Finance Marketing Plan4052 Words   |  17 PagesSUMMER 2012 Nova Southeastern University H. Wayne Huizenga School of Business amp; Entrepreneurship    Assignment for Course: | MKT 5070 | Submitted to: | Professor Herbert V. 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Wayne Huizenga School †¨of Business Entrepreneurship    Assignment for Course: SCM 5850 – Managing Customer Supplier Relations Submitted to: Dr. Dennis Duke Submitted by: Charles Archer Michael Carrington Grenisha Williams Felipe Ray-Centeno Cyrus Wyche Date of Submission: 24 May 2015 Title of Assignment: Cincinnati Seasonings Simulation Final Report †¨CERTIFICATION OF AUTHORSHIP: I certify that I am the author of this paper and that any assistanceRead MoreScm in Petroleum Industry5215 Words   |  21 PagesChain Management in the Petroleum Industry: Challenges and Opportunities RAED HUSSAIN Department of Quantitative Methods Information Systems, Kuwait University, Kuwait TIRAVAT ASSAVAPOKEE Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Houston, Texas, U.S.A. BASHEER KHUMAWALA Department of Decision and Information Sciences, University of Houston, Texas, U.S.A. Supply chain management in the petroleum industry contains various challenges, specifically in the logistics area, that are

Review Of Related Literature. There Is A Current Trend

Review of Related Literature There is a current trend now from educational institutions even in organizations outside the education sector wherein research and groundwork is encouraged to be a continuing product of their staff. While some are bound to research work, many are pressed on the demands of it. This is because research is not only a work of an individuals. Educational institutions which aim for a culture in research must also raise, encourage and uphold the work done by the staff. This can be done through distributing workloads, creating an environment conducive for research work, appropriate incentives and many others (Hanover Research, 2014). Research Culture Culture is a way of life by a number of individuals collectively.†¦show more content†¦Educators engaging in research activity acquire experience, dexterity and expertise in their current fields (Patankar, 2016) Research work generates information, induces advanced skills and motivates esteem. With all these, the educators find themselves absorbing these developments and applying them to teaching effectively and innovatively (Pramodini Sophia, 2012). A school that has an environment supportive of research is a competent school. This research environment creates a community which drives both teachers and students into digging deeper into research work. When the faculty is immersed in research culture, having absorbed the value of research, they in turn would bring to their learners the dedication towards the investigative work (The Department of Education and Training, 2005). Patankar (2016) discussed in his article â€Å"Grooming the Personality of Teacher Educators through Research†, published in University News in India, that research work results to the improvement of a teacher’s cognitive, affective and psychomotor aspects. Due to the immense work of studying required for research, teachers will expand their knowledge skills, insights, awareness, thought processes and theory. As the research work demands time, resources and effort, it exercises the teacher’s dedication for work, interest and engagement towards new learnings. Finally, in the psychomotor aspect. Teachers practice their skills in conversations, writingShow MoreRelatedDevelopment Of Human Resource Management Essay1657 Words   |  7 Pages Literature Review â€Å"Thirty-two years of development of human resource management in China: Review and prospects† (Shuming Zhao, Juan Du, 2012) is a journal paper that concentrating on the hypothetical advancements and practical applications of HRM, it first audits the move of HRM in China from planned labor force allocation to current HR management in three particular eras since China s reformation and opening-up. After, it analyzes and discusses the difficulties of human resource management researchRead MoreChina and the Automobile Industry895 Words   |  4 Pagesother macro economic variables, the future trend of the industry may take a different direction due to possible factors for instance domestic foreign investment (DFI) and possible market saturation or even economic downfall. The aim of this research is to examine the future trend of the industry through the varied related macroeconomic variables. The researcher asks: What future growth is expected in the Chinese automotive industry following its historical trend? In order to answer the research questionRead MorePopulation Status And Trends Of African Cattle Breedss966 Words   |  4 Pagesconstraints. However, they are poorly characterized and their population status is largely unknown. Inventories of population status, trends and associated risks as well as identifying threats facing AnGR is a step towards implementation of Global Plan of Action for Animal Genetic Resources (GPA) (FAO, 2007). There is little information on the current population status and trends of African indigenous cattle breeds. Available population data for a large percentage breeds as recorded in the Domestic AnimalRead MoreA Systematic Search Of The Database Psycinfo1247 Words   |  5 Pagesused in a specific study.Thus, the findings presented here should be viewed through this cautionary lens. The current analysis showed that, based on data from both academic and practice settingssince 1989, assessmentdrawingshave been emphasized or used to at least a ‘moderate’ degree as reported in 38 (63%) of the 60 studies in this review. However, a major diversion bifurcation in this trend, between practice and training settings, was quite evident. Drawing methods were highly ranked (amongst topRead MoreHealth Care Cost And Stricter Regulations For Insurance Reimbursement Plans888 Words   |  4 Pagesservices (Siabani, Driscoll, Davidson, and Leeder, 2014). The need for streamline healthcare for CHF patients is imperative to improve overall patient outcomes and reduce the amount of hospital readmission rates. This study is aimed at reviewing the literature to find evidence-based interventions that results in a decrease in CHF readmission rates. Elderly, African American, and low socioeconomic status patients have the highest risk for hospital readmission. (Joynt, Orav, and Jah, 2011). InterventionsRead MoreThe Current State Of Art1733 Words   |  7 Pagesbeyond the margins of physical components. This research will present the current state of art in research on the internet of things by reviewing related literature, ascertaining and describing current trends, current challenges, and future trends in IoT. The paper also provides possible future research directions. Keywords: Internet of Things, IoT, Future trends, Future research Internet of things: A research on the current state of art [The body of your paper uses a half-inch first line indentRead MoreNarrative Literature Reviews1589 Words   |  7 PagesNarrative literature reviews Introduction n A literature review is a comprehensive study and interpretation of the work that has been published on a particular topic n A literature review should convey the knowledge and ideas that have been established on a topic and their strengths and limitations Why undertake a literature review? n To provide a review of the current knowledge in a particular field n Provide a description of research studies n Identify gaps in current knowledge n Identify emergingRead MoreSubstance Abuse And Mental Health Association1098 Words   |  5 PagesAssociation, 2008). An overwhelming increase in the dependence on prescription opioid analgesics over the last two decades combined with a supply heavy market of high quality-low cost heroin imported from South America may be concurrent factors driving this trend (Cicero, Ellis, Surratt, Kurtz, 2014; Mars, Bourgois, Karandinos, Montero Ciccarone, 2014; Lankaneau et al., 2011). While precise estimates of the relative prevalence of different drug administration routes are hard to calculate, it has been reportedRead MoreGentrification Of Gentrification And Labor Markets1397 Words   |  6 Pageseconomic standpoint. This review will primarily demonstrate that the limited research on gentrification and labor markets has concluded that a relationship between the two does seem to exist. In particular, the literature has shown that gentrification may negatively impact the manufacturing sector of the labor market, which has negative implications for urban economies. The review will also summarize the consensus reached by the scholars in the field, and it will identify the trends observed in their researchRead MoreMexico Border Essay1661 Words   |  7 Pagesnorthern and southern residing counterparts. Access to health care is a great health determiner for the many foreign-born residents living in the United States, especially for undocumented immigrants2. The topic to be addressed in this review will include current health issues and accessibility of care for the people living along the US – Mexico border. This study will include infectious diseases, substance abuse as well as issues facin g women and children. The combination of many social factors

Essay about Charles Darwins Life and Revolutionary Work

Charles Darwin by far, revolutionized biology as known to modern society. He is responsible for the theory of evolution that people of today still go by. He was born on February 12, 1809 in England as the fifth child into the family of Dr. Robert and Susannah Darwin. He had three older sisters and one older brother. Because of his father’s success as a physician, and his mother coming from the Wedgewood family fortune, the Darwin family was considered well-off. Robert Darwin worked many great hours while Susannah stayed home to take care of the children. Unfortunately, when Charles was eight years old his mother passed away from complications of an illness that she had for a year. From that point on, Robert began working much more and†¦show more content†¦After graduation, he received a letter from his friend Henslow informing him that he knew of a sailor captain in search of a naturalist and thought Charles was best suited for the job. Though Robert Darwin was hesita nt about letting his son go, he eventually caved. The journey that Charles Darwin went on became known as the Voyage of the Beagle. The ultimate goal of the journey was to study and map the coast lines of South America. Charles Darwin had been given the chance to explore a world unknown by Europeans. Not only that, but Charles would be able to do some science as well. From the adventure, Charles Darwin learned many new fascinating things. He saw animals on land that resembled other animals but were adapted to different things. For example, he saw two types of lizards one that was made to live in the water and one that was made to live on land. This sparked his curiosity. According to the book of Genesis, nothing that God has created changes. Everything remains the same, as God had intended. When he found fossils, the same was true. He found things that had resembled animals of his time but were slightly bigger or different in some way or another but they had been extinct. Charles began to believe that the animals were changing despite the fact that his thoughts went against everything he was taught. He took lots of samples of animals and findings back home to England. He was going to need evidence to support his new theory yet it took him nearly twentyShow MoreRelatedCharles Darwins Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection Essay1027 Words   |  5 Pageslisten to the theory’s of Charles Darwin. After time Darwin published a book On the Origin of Species, and it was a big success: it’s first printing sold out immediately and a second printing sold out a month later. Darwin’s Theories found their way out of the scientific world and into the business world, eventually ending up in everyday society. Darwin’s father kept the family tradition and became a doctor though he didn’t like his work, he expected his son Charles to take the same sacrificeRead MoreExploring one of the Greatest Theorists of his Time: Charles Darwin1286 Words   |  6 PagesTheorists of his Time: Charles Darwin Our Society depends upon science, and yet to so many of us what scientists do is a mystery. The sciences are not just collections of facts, but are ordered by theory; which is why Einstein could say that science was a free creation of the human mind. (Bowler) Charles Darwin is one of the most famous scientists and theorists who had ever lived. Darwin has been written from his background to his evolutionary theory and on the reception of Darwins ideas in his ownRead MoreCharles Darwin s Theory Of Evolution1577 Words   |  7 PagesNo man has been as influential in the history of evolutionary science as Charles Darwin, a prominent British naturalist, geologist and botanist who came to solidify himself in these fields of studies in the nineteenth century. In 1831, Darwin embarked on a British government-sponsored voyage on the HMS Beagle to the coast of South America and several remote islands in the Pacific, where he closely observed the landforms and natural species that were native to these parts of the world, which he hadRead MoreBlockbuster History Films Essay1650 Words   |  7 Pagestext book can achieve. For this reason historical films are extremely valuable as they open up the past to the masses. The Patriot (2000) is a dramatic and affectionate film depicting a determined man’s quest to defeat British forces during the Revolutionary war with the assistance of his local militia. According to historian David Horowitz, The Patriot, he writes, â€Å"reassembles the elements of the national myth into a powerful homage to liberty and to the American colonists who gave their lives, theirRead MoreEssay on Biography of Charles Darwin1365 Words   |  6 PagesCharles Darwin was a British scientist who laid the foundation of modern evolutionary theory with his concept of the development of all forms of life through the slow-working process of natural selection. His work was of major influence on the life and earth sciences and on modern thought in general. Darwin was born in 1809 in Shrewsbury, a small market town in Shropshire, England. His wealthy physician father was the son of Erasmus Darwin who had written Laws of Organic Life. His mother was theRead MoreRomanticism : Martin Heade And The Hudson River School 1312 Words   |  6 Pages Martin Heade and Alexis Rockman have both created works that display their interest in science and reflect their extensive talent. Martin Heade included his ideas in his Hummingbird related painting series, while Rockman uses his works to declare his environmental messages. Additionally, both men have been innovative, revolutionary, and sometimes controversial with their subjects and techniques. Martin Heade was born in 1819 in Lumberville, Pennsylvania, so first and foremost it is importantRead More romanticism Essay1310 Words   |  6 Pagesin its topics the ideals of the time period, concentrating on emotion, nature, and the expression of quot;nothing.quot; The Romantic era was one that focused on the commonality of humankind and, while using emotion and nature; the poets and their works shed light on peoples universal natures. Romanticism as a movement declined in the late 19th century and early 20th century with the growing dominance of Realism in the literature and the rapid advancement of science and technology. However, RomanticismRead MoreHistory: Theory of Evolution by Charles Darwin1365 Words   |  6 PagesCharles Darwin’s theory and evolution Introduction: Charles Darwin was an English scientist who developed the theory of evolution which had been around for long period of time which gave him fame during his life and after his death. In 1859, he published a book called Origin of Species which contains all the theory of evolution. Darwin’s theory caused a lot of argument and they are still continuing until these days. In religion view it caused clash because at that time people in Europe believedRead MoreThe Science Of Math And Science By Mathematical And Experimental Proof1144 Words   |  5 Pagesbecause there is no other explanation for a mind-boggling questions. Some philosophers or Scientists were even deemed blasphemous through their beliefs or teachings. Two men, born and raised in religious and still skeptic times were Renà © Descartes and Charles Darwin who, with their most â€Å"infamous† books, â€Å"The Mediation† and â€Å"the Origin of Species† would create chaos in the minds of religious beli evers at the time but, in the long-run, would be considered to be true and deemed to have a major impact howRead MoreThe Idea of Utilitarianism is Introdroduced to Britain with the Help of Charles Darwins The Origin of Species522 Words   |  3 Pagesdo with that person. During the Victorian age Charles Darwin published a work that opposed the conventional way of thinking about religion. The Origin of Species brought out the theory that man actually evolved from a lower species rather than having been created by a higher person in power, such as god etc. This idea of thinking had brought a dark cloud over many citizens during the Victorian age, some questioned their own religion. Darwin’s work was responsible for a huge cultural debate between

Columbian Exchange Europe and the Americas Free Essays

Sagar Shah Columbian Exchange: Europe and the Americas The Columbian Exchange was an impactful spread of culture, food and even frightening diseases between the Old World and the New World. This great exchange started after the accidental discovery of the Americas by Christopher Columbus. Originally, Columbus and his crew set on a journey to find a western sea route to China, India and the spice islands of Asia. We will write a custom essay sample on Columbian Exchange: Europe and the Americas or any similar topic only for you Order Now Instead, he found a whole new world in the western hemisphere that was eventually named â€Å"The New World†. The Columbian Exchange had lasting effects on both the Old World as well as the New World. The Columbian Exchange had several positive impacts, one of which was the introduction of new staple crops such as maize and potatoes to Europe. These staple crops and even some additional new foods such as capsicum pepper, plain vanilla and coca provided nutrients that the indigenous crops didn’t have. Europe also received quinine which was a medicine that helped deal with malaria. The Columbian Exchange also had a few negative impacts; the most devastating was the spread of diseases in the Americas that were brought from Europe. Diseases like smallpox, tuberculosis, and bubonic plague quickly transfused across the New World. Overall the Columbian Exchange had a more negative impact on the New World and a more positive influence on the Old World. One lasting impression the New World had on the Old World was the introduction of new crops and foods. One staple food that the Europeans brought back was maize. Maize was a success in Europe because it produces well in a variety of climates. Maize prospers in areas too dry for rice and too wet for wheat making it ideal to grow in many different climates (Crosby W. Alfred 2003). For this reason maize was very popular and adopted quickly. The potato also had a huge effect on the Old World. The potato contains large amounts of calories and nutrients due to the starch in it. The potato is able to sustain life better than any other food that is consumed (Davidson and Passmore, 1965, p. 285). Like maize, the potato can also be cultivated in a variety of climates making it ideal for Europeans to use (Crosby W. Alfred 2003). The first place the potato reached was Ireland. In fact the potato spurred a population growth in Ireland (Nunn and Qian 2009). The reason the potato became popular in Europe was because of the abundance of nutrients that it contains and because it can sustain lives all by itself which other crops cannot do. Even though potatoes and maize had a big impact on Europe, many other foods like capsicum peppers also had a positive impact on the Old World. Capsicum Peppers originated in Bolivia and southern Brazil. When the Europeans came to the Americas, the pepper migrated to Mesoamerica and the Caribbean (Andrews, 1992, 82-83). The capsicum peppers had reached Spain and Africa by 1453. It had also reached the East Indies by 1540 and India by 1542 (Andrews, 1992, 82-83). The capsicum pepper has also impacted many other countries. In Southeast Asia the capsicum pepper has been used in cuisines. Capsicum peppers are also very nutritious. They contain a good amount of vitamin A, vitamin B, and vitamin C. They also contain large amounts of iron and magnesium. Magnesium is essential because it spurs energy production and iron is important because it speeds up metabolism (Greger 1994). This shows how capsicum peppers that originated in the Americas came to big use in Europe making a positive impact on their society. Another food that had a positive impact on Europe was plain vanilla. Plain vanilla originated in Mexico, Central America, and South America. Plain vanilla comes from the plant Vanilla planifolia. The vanilla pods need to be fermented and it creates the chemical vanillin. The vanillin is the chemical that gives plain vanilla its scent and its distinct flavor (Rain, 1992, p. 37). Plain vanilla was first brought back to Spain when Cortez came to the Americas. It became very popular in a very short amount of time in Europe because factories were using the vanilla to flavor the chocolate. Like chocolate, vanilla too became a luxury that only the aristocrats could afford (Rain, 1992, p. 40). Vanilla was not only used for flavoring, it was also used for scents in perfumes and tobacco (Bruman, 1948, pp. 71-372). This is why plain vanilla grew so popular in the Old World. It’s great taste and smell made it appealing to many countries. Coca was another crop that benefited Europe. People of the Inca Empire first used coca leaves, where they chewed them during religious activities. The first Spanish settlers adopted this idea and brought back to Europe where it became popular. A w ell-known psychologist by the name of Sigmund Freud started chewing coca after he found out that coca increases stamina, creativity, and it decreases hunger (Hobhouse, 2005, pp. 10-313). After this was discovered, coca became extremely popular in Europe and it began to spread throughout the world. Foods were not the only positive things that helped the Europeans. A gift that the New World gave to the Old World was quinine. Quinine contains anti-malarial alkaloids, which come from the barks of cinchona trees. These trees grow in Columbia, Ecuador, and Peru (Brockway, 1979, p. 108). This medicine was helpful to the Europeans because it let them travel across the world and conquer lands without worrying about the threat of malaria. Even though the Columbian Exchange had an overall positive effect on Europe, it had a negative influence on the Americas. One disease that was brought to the New World was Smallpox. The smallpox virus is caused by Variola, which is closely related to cowpox and monkeypox (Patterson 2002). The infection causes skin rashes and causes mucus membranes to emerge. These rashes stay for about 12 days then the person infected then experiences 104 degree Fahrenheit fever, back pain, and vomiting. Three days later the rash will spread to the nose, mouth, forearms, throat, hands, and face (Ngan, 2011). Smallpox easily spreads through close contact. â€Å"Estimates of death rates resulting from smallpox epidemics range between 39% for the Aztecs, 50% for the Piegan, Huron, Catawba, Cherokee, and Iroquois, 66% for the Omaha and Blackfeet, 90% for the Mandan, and 100% for the Taino†¦ † (Halverson, 2007). Smallpox epidemics affected the life of many Native American tribes for hundreds of years. This is only one disease that had an awful effect on the Native Americans. Tuberculosis is also another disease that spread from the Old World to the New World. Tuberculosis, is caused by a bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Paulsen 1987). The bacteria can attack any part of the body, but most frequently attacks the lungs. Tuberculosis of the lungs and throat is infectious. When a person with Tuberculosis coughs or sneezes, the bacteria spread into the air. People nearby may breathe in these bacteria and become infected. When a person breathes in the bacteria, the bacteria settle in the lungs and begin to grow. The first major outbreaks of Tuberculosis among the native people of North America began in the 1880’s after they were settled on reservations. When Native Americans were required to live in small fixed huts, an epidemic began. As Native Americans were living to reservations their death rates from Tuberculosis increased rapidly. Bates and Stead give the death rates of Native Americans. â€Å"By 1886 the Tuberculosis death rate reached 9000 per 100,000 people. These rates are much higher than ever observed in Europe because the Native Americans lacked immunity to Tuberculosis and were weak in fighting off the bacteria† (Bates Stead, 1993). The Native Americans were being hit by disease after disease with the Europeans coming over and settling. Another disease that devastated them was the Bubonic Plague. The Bubonic Plague is also known as the Black Death. Bubonic plague painfully causes swollen lymph nodes that appear around the groin, armpit, or neck (Halverson, 2007). The Bubonic plague had already devastated Europe by killing millions and after Europeans came to the Americas, the Black Death killed millions of Native Americans. The Columbian Exchange was a time when European nations sent explorers to the Americas after Christopher Columbus discovered the â€Å"New World†. The Americas were filled with new crops and foods that turned out to be very beneficial to the Europeans. The Europeans brought back staple crops like maize and potato that contain a large amount of nutrients. Other crops include capsicum pepper, plain vanilla, and coca. Each had their own way of helping the Europeans. A medicine that the Europeans took from the Americas was quinine. Quinine fought off malaria, which enormously benefited the Europeans because they were able to conquer lands that have malaria but not die from the disease. The Columbian Exchange benefited the Europeans, but it did not benefit the Americas. The Columbian Exchange brought many Europeans to the Americas. With many Europeans traveling to the New World, many diseases also came along. Diseases like smallpox, tuberculosis, and the bubonic plague resulted in the death of millions of Native Americans. These diseases even killed off many tribes completely. The Columbian Exchange proved to be beneficial to the Old World while devastating a lot of the New World. Andrews, Jean. 1992. The peripatetic chili pepper: Diffusion of the domesticated capsicums since Columbus. In Nelson Foster and Linda S. Cordell (eds. ) Chilies to Chocolate: Food the Americas Gave the World. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 81-93. Bates, Joesph H. , and William W. Stead. â€Å"Oregon Experience: White Plague. † TB Among Native Americans. N. p. 1993. Web. 07 Apr. 2013. Brockway, Lucile H. 1979. Science and Colonial Expansion: The Role of the British Royal Botanical Gardens. New York: Academic Press . Brooks, Jerome Edmund. 1952. The Mighty Leaf: Tobacco through the Centuries. Boston: Little, Brown and Company. Bruman, Henry. 1948. The culture history of Mexican vanilla. Hispanic Ameri can Historical Review 28(3): 360-376. Christian, JL, Greger, JL. Nutrition for Living (4th Ed. ) Reading, MA: The Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company, Inc. 1994. Crosby W. Alfred. The Columbian Exchange Biological and Cultural consequences of 1492. Westport: Praeger Publishers 2003 Print Davidson, Stanley and R. Passmore. 1965. Human Nutrition and Dietetics. Baltimore: Churchill Livingstone. Duiker, William J. , and Jackson J. Spielvogel. World History. Belmont, CA:: Thomson/Wadsworth, 2007. Print. Halverson, Melissa Sue. â€Å"Native American Beliefs and Medical Treatments During the Smallpox Epidemics: An Evolution. † Native Americans and The Smallpox Epidemic. N. p. , Summer 2007. Web. 07 Apr. 2013. Ngan, Vanessa. â€Å"DermNet NZ. † Smallpox (variola). N. p. , 1 July 2011. Web. 07 Apr. 2013. Nunn, Nathan and Nancy Qian. 2009. The potato’s contribution to population and urbanization: Evidence from an historical experiment. NBER Working Paper 15157. Patterson, Kristine. â€Å"Result Filters. † National Center for Biotechnology Information. U. S. National Library of Medicine, Apr. 2002. Web. 12 Apr. 2013. Paulsen, H. Jay. JSTOR. N. p. , Nov. -Dec. 1987. Web. 12 Apr. 2013. Rain, Patricia. 1992. Vanilla: Nectar of the Gods. In Chilies to Chocolate: Food the Americas gave the World (eds) Nelson Foster and Linda S. Cordell. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 35-45. Wood, Ethel. AP World History: An Essential Coursebook. Reading, PA: WoodYard Publications, 2008. N. pag. Print. How to cite Columbian Exchange: Europe and the Americas, Papers

Death Penalty Killing Is Wrong free essay sample

Death Penalty 2 Death Penalty: Killing is Wrong To many of us death is a scary thing. We will all die one day, but when someone else takes another persons life we think of that as wrong in many ways. Killing is wrong. If you take someone elses life in the United States of America you go to Jail. Of course you must be proven guilty of that murder before being charged. It doesnt matter where you live in almost every state, city and town if you kill someone you are looked down upon and you will suffer the consequences of that action. The question s, if murder is wrong then why is the death penalty okay? Is that setting a good example for society? If you kill someone then we kill you. How much sense does that make if we are trying to eliminate killing by killing? We try to teach our children the right thing that killing is wrong. We will write a custom essay sample on Death Penalty: Killing Is Wrong or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page How can we teach them the right thing if we are actually killing those who kill? Yes, what these murderers do is not right in any way but cant we find a better solution than to kill? DPIC (2010) says that New Jersey is trying to abolish the death penalty. New Jersey egislation is trying to replace the death penalty with the sentence of life without parole. This would make New Jersey the first state to abolish the death penalty since the U. S Supreme court reinstated it in 1976. Is New Jersey right for doing this? I believe so. If one state goes ahead and shows how strongly they believe that killing doesnt solve killing maybe other states will follow and abolish the death penalty as well. Death Penalty 3 The eighth amendment states no excessive bail or fines, or cruel and unusual punishment. In the Ten Commandments it states, do not murder. Murdering a human being is a capital sin. How are we holding true to that if we are basically commiting capital sin by killing someone who has killed. Isnt capital punishment cruel and unusual? Some may say well they killed another human being so they should be killed themselves. What are we proving or accomplishing by giving someone the death penalty? We are telling these people that killing is right. Each year there are many people that are put on death row that may potentially be innocent. How could we be one hundred percent sure that we are not killing omeone that has not committed a murder? Bogan (2009) states that In 36 years, 131 death row inmates were found innocent (Death Penalty Information) and Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) testing alone has proven 234 people innocent (Innocence Project) (p. 1). No one is thinking of these people who are wrongly accused. At least if they were sentenced to life in prison they could fght for another states False confessions are on the rise due to long hours or even days of interrogation. Why allow this treatment when all suspects are innocent until proven guilty (p. 2)? She is right. Why should we allow this treatment if we are supposed to be innocent until proven guilty? Putting suspects in these interrogation rooms for hours on end until they cant bare it anymore and Just confess to a crime they havent committed does not solve anything because that means the person who actually committed the murder is still out there somewhere. We are killing way too many innocent people out there instead of focusing on the real problem. Death Penalty 4 Many argue that keeping convicts in Jail costs us more money than giving the convicts the death penalty. Associated Press (2009) states that it actually costs more money to execute convicts than to keep them in Jail for life. Associated Press (2009) says Tens of millions of dollars cheaper, politicians are learning, during a tumbling recession when nearly every state faces Job cuts and massive deficits (p. 1). There are 36 remaining states that still have the death penalty. Many are trying to do away with it as of this year due to money and time. Why should we keep the death penalty around if it will cost less to Just keep the convicts in prison for life?